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| PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBE R2949 (Low Dark Counts Type of R928) Modified R928, 8 mm x 6 mm Photocathode Size Low Dark Counts, Extended Red Multialkali, High Sensitivity For Photon Counting Applications The R2949 is a 28mm (1-1/8 inch) diameter, 9-stage, side-on type photomultiplier tube having the same extended red multialkali photocathode as the R928. The R2949 features very low dark counts, extremely high quantum efficiency, high gain, good S/N ratio and wide spectral response from UV to near infrared. The R2949 is well suited for use in various low-level photometries such as general single photon counting applications and fluorescence life time measurement. The R2949 is directly interchangeable with the R928. FEATURES GLow Dark Counts ....................................... 300 s-1 (at 25 C) GLow Dark Current ......... 2 nA (after 30 min storage in darkness) GWide Spectral Response ......................... 185 nm to 900 nm GHigh Cathode Sensitivity Luminous .......................................................... 200 A/lm Radiant at 400 nm .............................................. 68 mA/W GHigh Anode Sensitivity (at 1000 V) Luminous .......................................................... 2000 A/lm Radiant at 400 nm ....................................... 6.8 x 105 A/W GLow Drift and Hysteresis Figure 1: Typical Spectral Response 100 TPMSB0155EB SPECIFICATIONS GENERAL Parameter Description/Value 185 to 900 Spectral Response 400 Wavelength of Maximum Response MateriaI Multialkali Photocathode Minimum Effective Area 8x6 UV glass Window Material Multialkali Secondary Emitting Surface Circular-cage Structure Dynode 9 Number of Stages 4 Direct Interelectrode Anode to Last Dynode 6 Anode to All Other Electrodes Capacitances Base 11-pin base JEDEC No. B11-88 Weight Approx. 45 Operating Ambient Temperature -30 to +50 Storage Temperature -30 to +50 SuitabIe Socket E678-11A (Sold Separately) SuitabIe Socket Assembly E717-63 (Sold Separately) Unit nm nm -- mm -- -- -- -- pF pF -- g C C -- -- CATHODE RADIANT SENSITIVITY (mA/W) QUANTUM EFFICIENCY (%) 10 QUANTUM EFFICIENCY CATHODE RADIANT SENSITIVITY 1 0.1 0.01 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 WAVELENGTH (nm) Subject to local technical requirements and regulations, availability of products included in this promotional material may vary. Please consult with our sales office. Information furnished by HAMAMATSU is believed to be reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for possible inaccuracies or omissions. Specifications are subject to change without notice. No patent rights are granted to any of the circuits described herein. (c)2006 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBES R2949 MAXIMUM RATINGS (Absolute Maximum Values) Parameter Between Anode and Cathode Supply Voltage Between Anode and Last Dynode Average Anode Current A Value 1250 250 0.1 Unit V V mA CHARACTERISTlCS (at 25 C) Parameter Quantum Efficiency at 255 nm Luminous B at 194 nm at 254 nm at 400 nm Radiant at 633 nm at 852 nm Red/White Ratio C Blue Sensitivity Index D Luminous E at 194 nm at 254 nm Radiant at 400 nm at 633 nm at 852 nm Min. -- 140 -- -- -- -- -- 0.1 -- 1000 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Typ. 25.3 200 18 52 68 41 3.5 0.3 7.5 2000 1.8 x 105 5.2 x 105 6.8 x 105 4.1 x 105 3.5 x 104 1.0 x 107 300 3 2 1.2 x 10-16 2.2 22 0.1 1.0 Max. -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 500 -- 25 -- -- -- -- -- Unit % A/lm mA/W mA/W mA/W mA/W mA/W -- -- A/lm A/W A/W A/W A/W A/W -- s-1 s-1 nA W ns ns % % Cathode Sensitivity Anode Sensitivity Gain E at +25 C at -20 C Anode Dark Current F (After 30 min Storage in Darkness) ENI (Equivalent Noise Input) G Anode Pulse Rise Time H Time Response E Electron Transit Time J Light Hysteresis Anode Current Stability K Voltage Hysteresis Anode Dark Count F NOTES A: Averaged over any interval of 30 seconds maximum. B: The light source is a tungsten filament lamp operated at a distribution temperature of 2856K. Supply voltage is 100 V between the cathode and all other electrodes connected together as anode. C: Red/White ratio is the quotient of the cathode current measured using a red filter (Toshiba R-68) interposed between the light source and the tube by the cathode current measured with the filter removed under the same conditions as Note B. D: The value is cathode output current when a blue filter (Corning CS 5-58 polished to 1/2 stock thickness) is interposed between the light source and the tube under the same condition as Note B. E: Measured with the same light source as Note B and with the anode-tocathode supply voltage and voltage distribution ratio shown in Table 1. Table 1:Voltage Distribution Ratio Electrode Distribution Ratio K 1 Dy1 Dy2 Dy3 Dy4 Dy5 Dy6 Dy7 Dy8 Dy9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 P ENI = where 2q.ldb.G.f S q = Electronic charge (1.60 x 10-19 coulomb). ldb = Anode dark current (after 30 minute storage) in amperes. G = Gain. f = Bandwidth of the system in hertz. 1 hertz is used. S = Anode radiant sensitivity in amperes per watt at the wavelength of peak response. SuppIy Voltage: 1000 V, K: Cathode, Dy: Dynode, P: Anode H: The rise time is the time for the output pulse to rise from 10 % to 90 % of the peak amplitude when the entire photocathode is illuminated by a delta function light pulse. J: The electron transit time is the interval between the arrival of delta function light pulse at the entrance window of the tube and the time when the anode output reaches the peak amplitude. In measurement, the whole photocathode is illuminated. K: Hysteresis is temporary instability in anode current after light and voltage are applied. F: Measured with the same supply voltage and voltage distribution ratio as Note E after 30 minute storage in darkness. G:ENI is an indication of the photon-limited signal-to-noise ratio. It refers to the amount of light in watts to produce a signal-to-noise ratio of unity in the output of a photomultiplier tube. ANODE CURRENT li l max. l min. TIME 0 5 6 7 (minutes) TPMSB0002EA Hysteresis = lmax. li lmin. x 100 (%) (1)Light Hysteresis The tube is operated at 750 V with an anode current of 1 A for 5 minutes. The light is then removed from the tube for a minute. The tube is then re-illuminated by the previous light level for a minute to measure the variation. (2)Voltage Hysteresis The tube is operated at 300 V with an anode current of 0.1 A for 5 minutes. The light is then removed from the tube and the supply voltage is quickly increased to 800 V. After a minute, the supply voltage is then reduced to the previous value and the tube is re-illuminated for a minute to measure the variation. Figure 2: Anode Luminous Sensitivity and Gain Characteristics 104 TPMSB0156EB Figure 3: Typical Time Response 100 80 TPMSB0157EC 108 ANODE LUMINOUS SENSITIVITY (A/lm) 103 102 101 105 TIME (ns) GAIN DV AN ITI A IN NS L GA SE CA AL E PI IC OD TY PN TY M A U M NI MI D NO E S S EN IT IV I TY 107 IT Y 60 40 TRANSIT TIME 106 20 10 8 6 100 104 4 10-1 103 RISE TIM 2 E 10-2 500 700 1000 102 1500 1 500 700 1000 1500 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) Figure 4: Typical Temperature Coefficient of Anode Sensitivity TPMSB0158EB Figure 5: Typical Temperature Characteristic of Dark Counts 10000 TPMSB0159EB 160 140 800nm 600nm 120 1000 ANODE SENSITIVITY (%) 100 400nm DARK COUNTS (s-1) 80 100 60 40 10 20 0 -30 -20 -10 0 +10 +20 +30 +40 +50 0 -30 -20 -10 0 +10 +20 +30 +40 TEMPERATURE (C) TEMPERATURE (C) PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBES R2949 Figure 6: Single Photon Pulse Height Distribution 104 TPMSB0160EA Figure 7: Dimensional Outline and Basing Diagram (Unit: mm) 29.0 1.7 8 MIN. PHOTOCATHODE COUNTS PER CHANNEL (s-1) 7 MIN. 7.5 x 103 AMBIENT TEMP. : 25 C SUPPLY VOLTAGE* : 730 V WAVELENGTH OF INCIDENT LIGHT : 800 nm DARK COUNTS : 300 s-1 DY5 DY4 4 5 DY6 6 7 DY7 8 DY8 9 DY9 10 P 80 MAX. 94 MAX. 5.0 x 103 6 MIN. DY3 3 DY2 2 1 11 K 49 1 DY1 2.5 x 103 DARK 0 0 SIGNAL + DARK DIRECTION OF LIGHT Bottom View (Basing Diagram) 512 DISCRIMINATION LEVEL 32.2 0.5 11 PIN BASE JEDEC No. B11-88 INSULATION COVER PULSE HEIGHT (Channel) * The supply voltage is set at gain to be 1 x 106 TPMSA0016EA Figure 7: Accessories (Unit: mm) Socket E678-11A 49 38 Sold Separately D Type Socket Assembly E717-63 5 33.0 0.3 3.5 PMT P R10 DY9 9 R9 DY8 DY7 8 R8 7 R7 DY6 DY5 6 R6 5 R5 31.0 0.5 HOUSING (INSULATOR) DY4 DY3 DY2 4 R4 3 R3 2 R2 DY1 K 1 R1 11 -HV AWG22 (VIOLET) R1 to R10 : 330 k C1 to C3 : 10 nF C1 C2 C3 SOCKET PIN No. 10 SIGNAL GND SIGNAL OUTPUT RG-174/U(BLACK) POWER SUPPLY GND AWG22 (BLACK) 3.5 33 38.0 0.3 49.0 0.3 29.0 0.3 5 29 4 18 450 10 30.0 +0 -1 0.7 4 TACCA0064EA POTTING COMPOUND * Hamamatsu also provides C4900 series compact high voltage power supplies and C6270 series DP type socket assemblies which incorporate a DC to DC converter type high voltage power supply. TACCA0002EH Warning-Personal Safety Hazards Electrical Shock-Operating voltages applied to this device present a shock hazard. WEB SITE www.hamamatsu.com HAMAMATSU PHOTONICS K.K., Electron Tube Division 314-5, Shimokanzo, Iwata City, Shizuoka Pref., 438-0193, Japan, Telephone: (81)539/62-5248, Fax: (81)539/62-2205 U.S.A.: Hamamatsu Corporation: 360 Foothill Road, P. O. Box 6910, Bridgewater. N.J. 08807-0910, U.S.A., Telephone: (1)908-231-0960, Fax: (1)908-231-1218 E-mail: usa@hamamatsu.com Germany: Hamamatsu Photonics Deutschland GmbH: Arzbergerstr. 10, D-82211 Herrsching am Ammersee, Germany, Telephone: (49)8152-375-0, Fax: (49)8152-2658 E-mail: info@hamamatsu.de France: Hamamatsu Photonics France S.A.R.L.: 19, Rue du Saule Trapu, Parc du Moulin de Massy, 91882 Massy Cedex, France, Telephone: (33)1 69 53 71 00, Fax: (33)1 69 53 71 10 E-mail: infos@hamamatsu.fr United Kingdom: Hamamatsu Photonics UK Limited: 2 Howard Court, 10 Tewin Road Welwyn Garden City Hertfordshire AL7 1BW, United Kingdom, Telephone: 44-(0)1707-294888, Fax: 44(0)1707-325777 E-mail: info@hamamatsu.co.uk North Europe: Hamamatsu Photonics Norden AB: Smidesvagen 12, SE-171-41 SOLNA, Sweden, Telephone: (46)8-509-031-00, Fax: (46)8-509-031-01 E-mail: info@hamamatsu.se Italy: Hamamatsu Photonics Italia: S.R.L.: Strada della Moia, 1/E, 20020 Arese, (Milano), Italy, Telephone: (39)02-935 81 733, Fax: (39)02-935 81 741 E-mail: info@hamamatsu.it TPMS1045E02 JUL. 2006. 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